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Studying anatomy in aquatic workouts is important in order to understand what is happening to your body when exercising in the pool. Knowing the muscle groups and their function, gives you a deeper understanding of how to design aquatic workouts. For example, if you have a lower back pain, knowing the muscles that support the spine and the ones that assist in bending will help you design the right type of exercises.
The human body is composed of over 600 muscles that work together in harmony to perform various actions. In addition, there is a complex network of veins and nerves that connect to the muscles and enable them to do their job. Each of the muscles has a specific function that you need to know when deciding which exercises to use. For example, if you want to strengthen your chest muscles, you can do arm crossover or push ups against the wall. 
Then there are organs that are important for producing and delivering oxygen and nutrients to working muscles like lungs, heart, and kidneys. Those too are subject to changes in the body when exercising that you need to understand in order to maximize your body's performance. 

12/22/2021 Comments

Range of motion of the shoulder joint

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The shoulder joint is the most mobile and movable joint in the body. It allows movement in all directions and gives bigger range of motion than other joints. But there are limits to be aware of. In this post, I will discuss the main components of the shoulder joint and the safe range of motion. 

The shoulder joint acts like an articulation point for shoulder bones which facilitates the movement of the arm. The shoulder joint has a total of four joints: glenohumeral joint (rotation), acromioclavicular joint (upward/downward rotation), sternoclavicular joint (forward/backward rotation) and scapulothoracic joint (flexion/extension). It is also made up of four main bones: scapula (shoulder blade), clavicle (collar bone), humerus (upper arm bone), acromion (acromioclavicular joint), and glenoid (shoulder socket). These bones are connected by cartilage and ligaments and held in place by muscle, tendons and a thin layer of fat. 

So the shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint formed by two bones, the upper arm bone (humerus) and the shoulder blade (scapula). The socket of the joint is lined with a connective tissue called cartilage, which allows for smooth and painless gliding of the bones relative to each other. The ball part of the joint is formed by the head of the humerus which fits into the socket of the scapula. There are two main ligaments attached to the ball and socket of the shoulder joint which hold it together. 



The safe range of shoulder joint movement is as follows:
  • Abduction: 180 degrees
  • Adduction: 45 degrees
  • Flexion: 180 degrees
  • Extension: 60 degrees
  • Horizontal Adduction: 45 degrees
  • Horizontal Abduction: 135 degrees
​Shoulder rotation beyond the safe range of motion could cause injuries like shoulder impingement or rotator cuff tears. And because the shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body, that makes it very prone to injuries. It is very important that you, as an aqua instructor or just a user of aquatics, understand the limits of your joints before performing exercises in the pool. 
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